Why is cross-cultural comparison important in anthropology?

Cross-cultural comparison is crucial in anthropology because it allows researchers to identify both the similarities and differences among cultures, providing a broader understanding of human behavior, social structures, and cultural practices. This comparative approach enables anthropologists to analyze various cultural phenomena in context, revealing patterns and variations that enrich our understanding of humanity as a whole.

By examining diverse cultural practices and beliefs, anthropologists can challenge ethnocentric views—where one culture is perceived as superior to others—and appreciate the complexities and uniqueness of each culture. This comparative method also facilitates the development of theories about how cultures may influence or respond to similar challenges, thus contributing to our understanding of social phenomena across different cultural settings.

In contrast, the other choices do not accurately capture the essence of why cross-cultural comparison is valued in anthropology. For instance, the idea of highlighting cultural superiority undermines the discipline's goal of promoting cultural relativism. Eliminating the need for fieldwork misrepresents the fundamental methodology of anthropology, which often relies on immersive, qualitative research. Lastly, solely focusing on historical documentation disregards the dynamic, living nature of cultures and the importance of contemporary analysis in understanding them.