Which field gathers holistic information about cultures to construct theories about cultural patterns?

Cultural anthropology is the field that focuses on gathering holistic information about cultures to construct theories about cultural patterns. This discipline emphasizes understanding the complexities of human societies through ethnographic research, which involves immersive observation and participation in the daily lives of people. Cultural anthropologists examine beliefs, practices, institutions, and social structures to uncover how cultures function and evolve over time.

Sociology, while also concerned with social behavior, tends to focus more on contemporary societies and often employs quantitative methods, which may not capture the depth and nuance of cultural practices as effectively as ethnography. Archaeology primarily studies past human societies through their material remains, seeking to understand cultural practices through artifacts rather than living cultures. Physical anthropology focuses on the biological and evolutionary aspects of humans, examining physical variations and adaptations rather than cultural patterns. Thus, cultural anthropology stands out as the discipline dedicated to a comprehensive understanding of cultures through direct engagement and qualitative research.