Which branch of linguistics studies the sound system and phonemes of a language?

The study of the sound system and phonemes of a language falls under the branch known as phonology. Phonology focuses on how sounds function within a particular language or languages, encompassing the systematic organization of sounds. It examines the way phonemes, which are the smallest units of sound that can distinguish meaning, interact and pattern within a language. This branch is essential for understanding language structure and how different languages employ sound systems to convey meaning.

Other branches of linguistics, such as lexicon and syntax, serve different purposes. Lexicon pertains to the vocabulary and meaning of words within a language. Syntax deals with the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences. Dialect refers to regional variations in language, which can include differences in phonology, but itself does not specifically focus on the sound system as a distinct branch. Understanding phonology provides insight into the foundational aspects of language and communication.